In the chamber of death I prayed, in very early years. Give me truth Cheat me on by no illusion.
Oh the granting of this prayer is sometimes terrible to me.
I walk over the burning ploughshares, and they do sear my feet.
Yet nothing but truth will do
—1844 Journal, Fruitlands MS
Oh the granting of this prayer is sometimes terrible to me.
I walk over the burning ploughshares, and they do sear my feet.
Yet nothing but truth will do
—1844 Journal, Fruitlands MS

For my parents, and Paul, Katy, and Blue
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
FOREWORD TO THE REVISED EDITION
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
TEXTUAL NOTE TO THE REVISED EDITION
CHRONOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
Part I
The Problem of Identity and Vocation
- 1. At thirteen, Frederic Henry Hedge [1852]
2. In the Transcendental Club, William Henry Channing [1852]
3. Her temperament, Ralph Waldo Emerson [1852]
4. As a force, Samuel Gray Ward [1850-51]
- 5. On her childhood [1840]
6. On her mother’s imagined death, no date
7. To her father, January 16, 1820
8. To her father, January 5, 1821
9. On schooling and growth, no date
10. To Susan Prescott, July 11, 1825
11. On Harriet Martineau [1835]
12. On writing fiction, November 1835
13. On George Sand, no date and 1839
14. On doubts about writing [circa 1839]
15. On Bettina Brentano and Karoline von Günderode [circa 1842]
16. To Beethoven, November 25, 1843
17. On her dilemma [early 1840s]
Part II
- 1. Her vocation, William Henry Channing [1852]
2. Her influence on individuals, James Freeman Clarke [1852]
3. Her “truth-speaking power,” Sarah Freeman Clarke, no date
4. Her conversion of skeptics, William Henry Channing [1852]
5. Her character, Elizabeth Hoar, April 3, 1839
6. Her effect on himself and others, Ralph Waldo Emerson [1852]
- 7. “Mariana,” a story [1844]
8. To Almira Barlow, November 19, 1830
9. To James Freeman Clarke [March 28? 1830]
10. To James Freeman Clarke, July 6, 1832
11. To James Freeman Clarke, February 1, 1835
12. To William Henry Channing, July 1841, July 1842, and no date
13. On talk with Ellery Channing, August 28, 1842
14. To Samuel Gray Ward [September 1839]
15. To Samuel Gray Ward (?), no date
16. On Anna Barker [October 1842]
17. To Caroline Sturgis, January 10, 1839
18. To Caroline Sturgis [1840?]
19. To Harriet Martineau [circa November 1837]
20. To her mother, September 5, 1837
21. To Arthur Fuller, December 31, 1837
22. To Richard Fuller, May 25, 1841
23. On Emerson’s influence, no date
24. To Ralph Waldo Emerson, January 7, 1839
25. To Ralph Waldo Emerson, September 29, 1840
26. To Ralph Waldo Emerson [October 1841?]
27. On Lidian Emerson, September 2, 1842
28. On marriages, September 4, 1842
29. On changing assessment of Emerson, August 25, 1842
30. To Elizabeth Peabody, December 26, 1844
31. To Richard Fuller, March 2, 1845
32. To James Nathan [May? 4? 1845]
33. To James Nathan, May 9, 1945
Part III
The Transcendentalist: Teacher, Editor, Literary Critic
- l. Her teaching in Providence, Anna Gale, 1838
2. An afternoon with Fuller, Nathaniel Hawthorne, August 22, 1842
3. Her writing and talk, Edgar Allan Poe, August 1846
4. A satirical portrait, James Russell Lowell, 1848
- 5. On suspension of belief [1829-30]
6. On mystical experience at twenty-one [1840]
7. Credo, 1842
8. To Richard Fuller, August 11, 1842
9. On conversation with Alcott [circa 1837]
10. On last day at Greene Street School [December 1838]
11. Preface to Eckermann’s Conversations with Goethe, 1839
12. On hopes for The Dial, 1840
13. “American Literature,” 1846
14. “Modern British Poets,” I 846
15. “Miss Barrett’s Poems,” January 4, 1845
16. “French Novelists of the Day,” February 1, 1845
Part IV
- 1. Her eighth Conversation [December 1839]
2. Record of Conversation on March 22, 1841, Elizabeth Peabody
3. Conversations for men and women, Elizabeth Peabody [April 1841]
4. “Gorgeous Pedants,” Harriet Martineau [1877]
5. Her influence on young women, Ednah Dow Cheney [1902]
6. “The Great Lawsuit,” Sophia Peabody Hawthorne [July 1843]
7. Woman in the Nineteenth Century, Edgar Allan Poe, August 1846
8. Woman in the Nineteenth Century, Caroline Sturgis, March 4, 1845
9. Woman in the Nineteenth Century, John Neal, March 4, 1845
10. Her feminism, Horace Greeley [1852]
- 11. On first Conversation, second winter, November 8, 1840
12. On abolition, to Maria Weston Chapman, December 26, 1840
13. Woman in the Nineteenth Century [1845]
14. On man and woman, no date
Part V
The Social Critic and Journalist
- 1. At Brook Farm, Georgiana Bruce Kirby [1887]
2. Her Tribune writing and concern for prostitutes, Horace Greeley [1852]
3. As a female journalist, “T.L.,” March 7, 1846
4. Letter of introduction, Ralph Waldo Emerson, July 31, 1846
- 5. On American history [1833-34]
6. On the Dorr rebellion, July 1842
7. On communal experiments, October 18, 1840
8. On an early stay at Brook Farm [1841]
9. On return to Brook Farm [1842]
10. Summer on the Lakes, in 1843 [1844]
11. On visit to Sing Sing, October 20, 1844
12. On talk to prisoners, December 25, 1844
13. “Our City Charities,” March 19, 1845
14. On The Narrative of Frederick Douglass, June 10, 1845
15. On the United States Exploring Expedition, June 28, 1845
16. “The Irish Character,” June 28, 1845
17. “Children’s Books,” February 5, 1845
18. On travel in England and Scotland, August 23, 1846 to [March 3, 1847]
19. On meeting Carlyle [February 19, 1847]
20. On the Carlyles and Mazzini, November 16, 1846
21. On the English and French character and the Chamber of Deputies, December 1846 [and May 15, 1847]
22. On famine, Fourier, and the Lyons weavers [May 15 and 29, 1847]
23. On meeting George Sand, January 18 and March 17, 1847
Part VI
- 1. Defense of her political work, James Russell Lowell, July 12, 1849
2. In Rome with Ossoli, Emelyn Story [1852]
3. Evenings in Florence, Frederick Gale, December 15 and 29, 1849
4. In Florence with Ossoli, William Henry Hurlbut [1852]
5. Her last year, Elizabeth Barrett Browning [1852]
6. The question of her marriage, Ralph Waldo Emerson [1850-51]
7. Chronology of her movements, Ralph Waldo Emerson [1850-51]
8. Florentine gossip, Nathaniel Hawthorne, April 3, 1858
9. Meditation on her meaning, Henry James [1903]
- 10. On Genoa and Naples [May 29, 1847)
11. To Thomas Hicks, April 23, 1847
12. On the high tide of the Pope’s popularity, May 1847
13. To William Henry Channing, May 7, 1847
14. On tributes to women in Italy, August 9, 1847
15. To Caroline Sturgis, August 22, 1847
16. On Austrian rule and need for revolution, October 1847
17. On Rome and a National Guard for Florence, October 18, 1847
18. To Richard Fuller, October 29, 1847
19. To Ralph Waldo Emerson, December 20, 1847
20. On Americans in Europe, abolitionists at home [January l, 1848]
21. On a nun taking the veil, December 30, 1847
22. To Caroline Sturgis Tappan, January 11, 1848
23. To Costanza Arconati Visconti, January 14, 1848
24. On Sicilian insurrection and Roman weather, January 1848
25. On revolution in Paris and Milan, March 29, 1848
26. To William Henry Channing, March 29, 1848
27. On Mazzini’s return from exile, April 19, 1848
28. On the Pope’s retreat from revolution, May 7 and 13, 1848
29. To Ralph Waldo Emerson, May 19, 1848
30. To Costanza Arconati Visconti, May 27, 1848
31. To Giovanni Angelo Ossoli, August 22, 1848
32. To Giovanni Angelo Ossoli, October 15, 1848
33. On defeat in the north and Charles Albert, December 2, 1848
34. To her mother, November 16, 1848
35. On the Pope’s flight and the condition of women, December 2, 1848
36. On the people’s response to the Pope’s absence, January 6 and February 20, 1849
37. On the birth of the Roman Republic, February 20, 1849
38. To Giuseppe Mazzini, March 3, 1849
39. To Caroline Sturgis Tappan, March 16, 1849
40. To Giovanni Angelo Ossoli, April 4, 1849
41. On war in Rome, May 27, 1849
42. To Ralph Waldo Emerson, June 10, 1849
43. On the siege of Rome, June 21 and 23, 1849
44. On Garibaldi’s retreat and the entry of the French, July 6 and 10, 1849
45. To William Henry Channing, August 28, 1849
46. To her mother [August 31, 1849] and [December 15? 1849]
47. To Costanza Arconati Visconti [August 1849]
48. To Ellen Channing, December 11, 1849
49. To Marcus and Rebecca Spring, December 12, 1849
50. To Caroline Sturgis Tappan [circa December 17, 1849]
51. To William Henry Channing [circa late July 1849] and December 17, 1849
52. To Emelyn and William Story, April 16 and May 10, 1850
53. To Marcus Spring, June 3, 1850
Part VII
Supplement
- 1. Woman in the Nineteenth Century, Lydia Maria Child, February 15, 1845
2. “Portrait of a Distinguished Authoress,” Edgar Allan Poe, March 8, 1845
3. Summer on the Lakes and “Miss Fuller and Reformers,” Orestes A. Brownson, October 1844, and April 1845
4. Woman in the Nineteenth Century, Catherine Maria Sedgwick, July 27, 1845
5. Papers on Literature and Art, Walt Whitman, November 9, 1846
6. “Stray Leaves from a Seamstress’s Journal,” October 1853
7. On Wollstonecraft and Fuller and the Italian letters, George Eliot, October 13, 1855, and May 17, 1856
8. “Margaret Fuller Ossoli,” Caroline Healey Dall, July 1860
- 9. “Lillo”: Outline of a (male) autobiographical romance [circa 1840]
10. A woman of genius [circa autumn 1839]
11. A nightmare and a dream [early 1839]
12. To Caroline Sturgis, October 7, 1839
13. To Caroline Sturgis, October 22, 1840
14. “Bettine Brentano and Her Friend Günderode,” January 1842
15. Dreaming with Anna, [October 30] 1842
16. The journals of 1844: [May 1?] to September 8
17. The last Tribune dispatches, August 31, 1849, November 15, 1849, and January 6, 1850
INDEX